The Holy Orthodox Church is perhaps one of the last social institutions where dignity, protocol, respect, and reverence are maintained. Church order is especially emphasized in St. Paul’s epistles, but all things should be done decently and in order. This is primarily because when we come to the church and its services we are entering the Kingdom of God on earth, His habitation, and we choose to honor this sacred place by our attentiveness to what is proper and ordered. We have the opportunity to reflect the image of Christ within us by our actions. “You are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation” (1 Peter 2:9).
This guide is meant for personal reflection, not as a means of judging others. Keep in mind that there are small different traditions even among the Orthodox faithful, but each parish maintains its local order. We come to church to pray and worship God above all else, and that should be our only focus.
Church Clothing
Whenever we are preparing to come to church, we should remember that we will be entering the House of God. This requires that we dress modestly and with reverence. Generally this will mean that we want to wear our best clothing. At any age it is not appropriate to wear shorts, pants that are too casual, short skirts, tight-fitting or transparent garments, garments with low necklines, or strapless tops. Some Orthodox traditions require women to wear dresses or skirts with covered shoulders and backs. Although men are not required to wear a suit and tie, they will want to make an effort to dress as if they were going to an important event. Clothing with logos or printed material distracts others from praying. Some women have the pious tradition of covering their heads as a sign of the holiness of womanhood. Men and boys must remove their hats when entering the church. The priest may where a special hat as he represents Christ the King.
What could be a more important meeting than that with God Himself? The purpose in choosing our clothing wisely is that we model what is important to us by how we dress. Modest. Neat. Clean. Respectful.
Entering the Church
The Orthodox Divine Liturgy begins when the priest intones, “Blessed is the Kingdom of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit.” We need to arrive early enough to receive this blessing. Arriving later causes a distraction for others who are praying. If an occasional problem occurs and you have to come in late, enter the church reverently and quietly. The times in which you must stay in the back of the church, or the narthex, before entering include: when the Little or Great Entrance is taking place, when the priest is censing the icons and congregation or giving the homily, and when the Epistle or Gospel is being read. If you are unsure when is the best time to enter the church, ask one of the ushers for guidance.
We come to the church on time, as if to a great banquet, and with reverence, because we are partaking of the very Body and Blood of Christ, our Savior. Coming to vespers the night before, and hours (or Matins) before the Divine Liturgy, will ensure that you will be settled in plenty of time to pray without distraction. It is a good habit to pray the “prayers before holy communion” in the back of the Liturgy books.
Standing in Church
It is the custom of most Orthodox Christians to stand throughout the Divine Liturgy, as well as during other services. If you choose to stand in a church that has pews, please do so near the back or sides so that the view of the altar is not blocked for those who are seated. If you must sit during the Divine Liturgy it is permissible to sit during the Homily and when the Holy Doors are closed, or when you are instructed to by the priest. Whenever a hierarch (Bishop) is visiting the parish, out of respect, follow his example and stand and sit when he does.
Lighting of Candles
It is a pious Orthodox tradition to light candles for personal petitions and intercessions when entering the church. Most parishes have designated candle stands or holders for these candles. It is not proper to light candles at certain times during the service—generally the same times when you should not enter the church, such as during the Little and Great Entrances, when the priest is censing the icons and congregation or giving the homily, or during the reading of the Epistle or Gospel. The candles should be allowed to burn all the way down without being extinguished early, since the burning candle symbolizes our prayers rising to heaven and the light of Christ in our midst. Please do not allow young children to light candles alone, for safety reasons. It is customary to make a donation for each candle.
Venerating Icons
The Orthodox Church teaches that it is proper to venerate (kiss), not worship, icons. The acceptable way to do this is to kiss either the hands or feet of the saint depicted in the icon, or the scroll, the Gospel book, or the cross a saint is holding. Please do not wear lipstick when kissing the icons since the residue will ruin them.
Additional Pious Customs
• Crossing oneself— We “Cross” ourselves using the right hand with thumb index finger and middle finger touching, with ring finger and pinky finger touching the palm. We touch the forehead, then the belly button, then ones right shoulder, then the left.
It is always appropriate to cross oneself at the mention of the Holy Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit; whenever entering or leaving the church; at the beginning of the Liturgy; when passing in front of the altar; when venerating an icon, the Gospel, or the cross; and at times for personal petitions. It is not necessary to cross oneself when the priest is giving a blessing or censing the congregation. Instead, one should bow the head and a slight bow at the waist to receive the blessing.
• Worship postures- There are many types of worshipful postures in the Orthodox Church:
- First, the sign of the cross with out a bow or any other movement.
- Second, a simple “metania”- the sign of the cross with a slight bow of the head and waist.
- Third, is a larger metania bow - the sign of the cross with a full bend at the waist, touching the ground if one is able.
- Fourth, is a metania prostration – the sign of the cross is made, then one bends to the knees and puts one’s forehead to the ground. (A full prostration would be laying completely flat on your belly with legs extended- usually reserved for monastics)
Orthodox Christians bow to the priest at his blessing, and when he asks forgiveness before the Great Entrance. It is traditional for the Orthodox faithful to bow and cross themselves when they enter and leave the church, and when they pray before the icons.
Note: Prostrations are reserved for Lenten periods of prayer during the weekdays. There is to be no prostrations or bowing on Sunday, only small metanias (the sign of the cross with a bow of the head and slight bow of the waist). Sunday is The day of Resurrection and a celebration, so we stand upright.
• Kneeling—In our Orthodox tradition there are times when kneeling is a pious practice, in the Liturgy or services during week days, at the Lord’s Prayer. However, kneeling and prostrations are prohibited during Sunday Divine Liturgies and the Paschal season, from Pascha to Pentecost at any service, in honor of the Resurrection, a festal not penitential celebration.
Two more local traditions:
• Touching the priest’s vestments—It is a tradition in some parishes to touch the hem of the priest’s vestment or phelonion as he passes by in the Great Entrance with the Holy Gifts. This custom imitates the woman who was healed by touching the hem of Christ’s robe. When touching the hem of the priest’s phelonion, one should be careful not to step in front of the procession, to pull or tug on the garment, or to push anyone away.
• Raising hands during the Lord’s Prayer – done with elbows at the waist with palms held upwards.
Special Considerations During Liturgy
• Refrain from socializing during the Liturgy. Save your greetings and conversations for the fellowship hall or vestibule. We are in the Liturgy to greet God with our prayers and worship, not to distract others.
• Cell phones and texting are never allowed in the church. If you have a professional reason to carry a phone for emergencies, keep it on mute, not vibrate, and sit near the exit so that leaving for an emergency will not be a distraction to others. Otherwise, turn off your phone before entering the sanctuary.
• Lipstick—Do not wear lipstick while taking Holy Communion, or when kissing the cross, an icon, the priest’s or bishop’s hand, or any sacred object. It is best not to wear it at all in the church, because of the damage it causes.
• Leg crossing—One should not be too casual in the Divine Liturgy. People from some cultures are offended by the crossing of legs or by arms thrown back over the pew. Keeping your feet on the ground also enables you to remain attentive while sitting.
Receiving Holy Communion
When receiving Holy Communion one should approach the chalice with one’s arms crossed over their chest (this posture is maintained all the way to the antidoron table), standing close to the priest so he doesn’t have to reach out far. Be sure to open your mouth wide and receive the holy gifts off the spoon with your lips. Respond with “Amen” after the priest’s exclamation over you. We do not make the sign of the cross here as your arms are making the sign. Infants should be cradled in the right arm holding down the child’s arms. Young children that can walk confidently can approach in the same way as the adults.
Receiving the Antidoron, Holy Bread
When receiving the antidoron after Holy Communion or after venerating the cross at the end of Divine Liturgy, do not allow the crumbs to drop, since this is blessed bread. Children will need assistance so that they do not take too many pieces, and so they are not careless in handling the bread. After returning to your seat, you may eat the holy bread as you say the prayers after Holy Communion silently while others are communing. The giving of the antidoron bread to visitors is a gesture of peace and love (Do not dip the bread for visitors).
Children in Church
Christ said, “Let the little children come to Me, and do not forbid them; for such is the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 19:14). It is possible for young children to remain in church throughout a service if they are taught to be quiet and respectful. For those who are too small to be quiet throughout the whole Liturgy, please be respectful to those around you if your child becomes fussy or out of control, and remove him/her from the nave of the church quickly. If a very young child needs a snack, please clear away any leftover pieces. However, the child should not have anything in his mouth when he comes to Holy Communion. It is not acceptable at any time to chew gum or candy in church. It is never appropriate to allow a child to run around, play loudly, or carry toys that make noise in the nave.
Eventually, children will be able to spend longer times in the Liturgy. That is where they should be, but remember the reason for coming to church is to pray and worship. Plan to have your children use the restroom and get a drink before church begins, and don’t allow them to come and go continually. Leaving Church for a time should not be a reward, but a discipline for them.
Consider bringing your children into the church at a time when the Liturgy is finished to “practice” church behavior. Teach them that they are visiting God’s very special house, and they will need to have very special manners there.
Leaving Church
The respectful protocol is to leave the church only after the final blessing, and after kissing or venerating the cross, held by the priest at the end of the Divine Liturgy. Unless you have the blessing of the priest, it is not acceptable to be in the church hall, kitchen, or an administrative office during Liturgy. Those who leave early deprive themselves of a blessing. After walking to the back of the nave of the church, following a service it is customary to face the altar, making the sign of the cross with a metania.
Greeting the Priest and Bishop
In our modern culture, we greet one another with a handshake. The exception to this is when we greet a member of the clergy. We do not shake a bishop’s or priest’s hand; we kiss it with reverence and ask for a blessing. The proper way to do this is to approach the hierarch or priest with right hand over left, palms facing up, and then bow while saying, “Master, bless” to the hierarch, or “Father, bless” to the priest. If either places his hand in yours while blessing you, this is an appropriate time to kiss his hand. We kiss his hand because we are honoring Christ, whom he represents.
Adapted by Fr. Daniel from:
https://www.tampaorthodox.org/orthodox_chruch_etrquette